Value Chain At Siemens Wind Power Commerce Essay

Value Chain At Siemens Wind Power Commerce Essay Siemens is a world-class service provider with over 30 years of experience in providing high quality services with superior safety principles. Based on this significant knowledge, a flexible range of service solutions have been designed for both onshore and offshore projects, to optimize the output of wind turbines throughout their lifetime. The purpose of the Service Department is to repair damaged main shafts of the wind mills. The range of operations in the service department can be divided into two main categories: On-site repairmen and substitutions of the damaged or broken main shafts. At Siemens Wind Power the service department in many cases is prioritized down in the organization because it is costing the company money, and not really generating any money. The service department it just building up inventory, and havent run since January 2009. So we decided to take a look and make a analysis of their value chain to have a overview of the current situation and to see if there are any problems which need solving. A value chain is a chain of activities for a firm operating in a specific industry. A value chain typically consists of inbound distribution or logistics, manufacturing operations, outbound distribution or logistics, marketing and selling, and after-sales service. These activities are supported by purchasing or procurement, research and development, human resource development, and corporate infrastructure. We used the Value Chain framework of Michael Porter from the strategic management book because it breaks down the activities of the organisation into its many parts. Contribution of each part can be analysed for its contribution to the total value added by the organisation. Afterwards this can be used to see where to put in the effort and make improvements. The goal of these activities is to offer the customer a level of value that exceeds the cost of the activities, thereby resulting in a profit margin. Primary Activities: Inbound Logistics : Includes receiving, storing , inventory control , transportation scheduling They have a safety stock in Denmark in Tinglev that consist 5 pieces of each component and in USA they have the safety stock in Huston and consists 10 pieces of each component. The safety stocks are enough to cover demand of 35 days according to their forecast. Production capacity is 30 turbines a week of the 2.3 and 4 a week of 3.6 and they have 60.000 components. Process when a part is broken: Demounting the defect shaft and then can be transported directly to Brande, or through the regional Headquarter and then mount it. Then it is send back to Fabriksvej and repaired and then to Tinglev, where it fills up a container, which consists of 2 main shafts. Lead time of one year of main bearings from the assembly department. Operations: Includes machining, assembly, equipment maintenance. The Costumers have to make the foundation, electricity and have the infrastructure. They are only buying turbines, costumers has to know for themselves the weather conditions etc. A wind mill costs approx. 18 mio. DKK for turbine without SLA. Siemens promises in the SLA that the windmill is running 95 % of the time. But it is actually running 97% of the time. Siemens fulfill the customers service contracts through the SLA (service level agreements) which is made in corporation with the customers. They have a Monitoring department that can see if the main bearing gets too hot and then switch it off and in the UK have their own monitoring departments but sometimes it brakes when it is turned on again. Siemens can monitor the costumer without the SLA, but dont, because they didnt pay for the service. Only if the customers want it later, they can start monitoring them. Outbound Logistics The activities required to get the finished product to the customers: warehousing, order fulfillment, transportation, distribution management In the past Siemens faced a problems with higher demand than expected and couldnt deliver spare parts to the customer because of low safety stock levels there were a demand for 10 in UK because they were broken down, but Siemens only have the safety stock of 5, which is not sufficient but also keeping a high level of safety stock is also not good because it takes lots of money to keep components in the stock. Siemens is not prioritizing the service department regarding the suppliers when they need to share capacity on old components, broken components or new components. When it is new components, the service department forecast a year ahead, to meet the demand. Siemens in order to reduce variability in demand and increase flexibility in order to meet the demand they try to build a corporation with the service regions; USA, Germany Uk to get a forecast from them at least 4 months ahead. Further they ask the regions to have service materials on stock, so they dont get to many urgent orders. There is also a safety-stock in USA, which covers the demand for 35 days. From this they are making forecasts to their suppliers, for them to be able to plan their capacity, they use Delta forecasting and using Delphi method compared with failure rates. The forecasts are updated every month by the demand management department. Marketing and Sales: The activities associated with getting buyers to purchase the product. The Siemens service headquarters is located in Brande, Denmark for both onshore and offshore services. In order to optimize knowledge transfer and customer value globally,  regional service centers have been established. These  main offices are  located in: The United States of America Singapore and Germany. In an effort to stay close to the customer in the  complex European region, the heart of the wind industry, smaller offices  are also  set up  in: The United Kingdom Spain, Germany and Denmark. They get the most revenue of selling turbines .The markets are Europe, USA and Asia Pacific . Onshore is not growing in Europe, but in the USA and New Zealand it is expanding. Siemens are the best wind turbine manufacturers they offer high quality and good service for the ones who are willing to pay for it. Their windmills are running 97% of the time, compared with Vestas ´ windmills, which are running under 95 % of the time. Brand name Siemens and with the history of bonus they are adding value to their product. The service department crew is adding value when there is a problem with the customers windmills. The service department has a monitoring department which monitors the windmills all the time. Service The activities that maintain and enhance the products value, including customer support, repair services, installation, training, spare parts management. The Costumers have to make the foundation, electricity and have the infrastructure. They are only buying turbines, costumers has to know for themselves the weather conditions etc. A wind mill costs approx. 18 mio. DKK, for turbine without SLA. Siemens promises in the SLA that the windmill is running 95 % of the time. But it is actually running 97% of the time. Siemens fulfill the customers service contracts through the SLA (service level agreements) which is made in corporation with the customers. They have different types of SLA ´s to meet the costumers needs. When a windmill breaks down, Siemens takes the part back and replaces it with a new one. Siemens Service department repairs the broken part, and then sell it again to another customer, 40 % of the sights (customers) are buying the long term SLA. Only in the service department; the costumers who pay more for SLA, get service first. 70 % want service, only pays 40 % for the quick lead time. 30 % dont want service, but can buy spare parts. In the service department there are two main categories of operations: The first type of repairment is taking place on-site by service teams, send out by the service department in Brande, or by one of the regional headquarters in Houston, Germany or in the UK. On-site repairmens are taking place when the detected problem is a minor damage that can be fixed without removing the main shaft, and when the repairment can be done within the scope of the service level agreement. This means that the turbine has to be up and running again within one week. The second type of repairment is when Siemens is facing a more serious damage that cannot be fixed on-site then the service department calls for a repaired main shaft from the safety stock, to use as a substitute for the operating and damaged main shaft. The regional headquarters are responsible for planning and execution of the arrangements needed to do a successful changeover of the main shaft. The teams which are send are trained especially for this operation, and the dissembled shafts are then transported to Denmark, where the repairment is taking place. Technicians and monitor regions are responsible for telling if they have the new shafts. They communicate to the service department to supply new parts. When it comes to repairing the wind mills Siemens has to face a seasonality. In the winter is not possible to fix any problems in the field thats why Siemens is trying to fix as much mills as they can before winter in October and November. The second pick period is after the winter when mills not repaired before winter need to be fixes as soon as possible in March and April. Support Activities. Procurement Procurement of raw materials, servicing, spare parts, buildings, machines. When a part breaks down within the 2 years; first it is sent from supplier to Siemens in Tinglev, and sold, then to the suppliers when it is broken, where it is renovated, then back to Tinglev and then to the new costumer who buys it. First when it goes to the supplier it is seen if it is better to scrap or renovate. After two years, you evaluate if it should be send to suppliers or renovate it yourself? They sell them as renovated parts for 80 % of the price.The supplier is out of the corporation with Siemens after 6 months if there are problems with the supplier. They have good suppliers which are flexible. At least 2 suppliers on each part. Suppliers have to pay if the turbine is down, if it is their fault. Many suppliers are owned by Siemens, on the main parts. Blades, gearboxes etc. They have stock in USA and in Tinglev, to supply with a new component, when broken down. Suppliers: Spain for main bearing. Normark are for shafts. Stockgos Germany, bearing houses Most parts from Europe are from suppliers but they dont have that many suppliers in the USA. So have to build up a supplier network. Siemens has the most expensive turbines and best quality. They are selling service in the US and they have a service facility but no repair.If the parts are under guaranty the supplier will supply a new part or a renovated part. The hours the technicians use will be paid by the supplier. For the most parts Siemens are able to renovate themselves. Technology Development Includes technology development to support the value chain activities, such as Research and Development, Process automation, design and redesign. Thanks to process technology developed by Dr. Gerald Hohenbichler (44), steel manufacturers can now save energy by processing metal in continuous strands. Hohenbichlers groundbreaking solution enables molten raw steel to be rolled immediately after casting, reducing a mills energy requirements by as much as 45 percent. Siemens Energy has installed the first prototype of a newly designed direct-drive wind turbine. The new SWT-3.0-101 DD is a gearless turbine with a power rating of three megawatts (MW). Its rotor has a diameter of 101 meters. The prototype was installed near the Danish town of Brande, where Siemens Wind Power headquarters is located. The intelligent, straightforward design of the turbine makes gearboxes unnecessary. The new turbine will officially be launched in 2010. Human Resource Management The activities associated with recruiting, development (education), retention and compensation of employees and managers. They have a new strategy; they are now finding the costumers themselves, because of the financial crisis. Siemens has already fired 400 workers in Brande and 200 in Ã…lborg. Siemens training centers offer thorough training programs to ensure that all service personnel are trained to our stringent safety and quality standards. Training centers are located in: Brande, Denmark Bremen, Germany Newcastle, UK Houston, United States. Firm Infrastructure Includes general management, planning management, legal, finance, accounting, public affairs, quality management, etc. Peter Là ¶scher, President and CEO of Siemens AG. The firms margin or profit then depends on its effectiveness in performing these activities efficiently, so that the amount that the customer is willing to pay for the products exceeds the cost of the activities in the value chain. It is in these activities that a firm has the opportunity to generate superior value. A competitive advantage may be achieved by reconfiguring the value chain to provide lower cost or better differentiation. Now that we have an overview of Siemens Supply chain we observe that they are facing some problems. We have received information regarding the possibility of investing into a new regional service department in the states which in our opinion might prove to be a very good answer to the problems that they are facing now and since the USA market is expanding for Siemens, a local risk hedging service department may indeed benefit the company. A service department who would communicate with the current service regions and the new found production plant in the USA. Having a repair department in the U.S would cut down the transportation and handling lead times and costs. The profitability for the service department and Siemens as a whole would be to reduction of inventory costs, because the inventory will be reduced in the service department of broken shafts, when it starts running again. There would be a reduction in transportation costs; severely if they implement a service department in the US, and namely if they optimize the flow in Denmark. It will also reduce the capital bindings in defect components which are in the service departments inventory. Also a good idea would be built up a supplier network in the USA because most of the parts come from the European suppliers. Choosing the right supply chain strategy Once the production plant and service department are build they need to have a right supply chain strategy which prepares them for the new business challenges and opportunities. A simple but powerful way to characterize a product when seeking to devise the right supply chain strategy are the two key uncertainties faced by the product which are demand and supply. Demand uncertainty is linked to the predictability of the demand for the product. In order for Siemens to choose the right strategy they have to follow some steps in order to understand what is going on with their supply chain. A first step would be to figure out what time of product are they selling functional products or innovative products .Functional products are ones that have long product life cycles and there for stable demand, while innovative products are products that have short life cycles with high innovation and fashion contents as we can see clearly, different supply chain strategies are required for functional versus innovative products. Functional products tend to have less product variety than innovative products, where variety is introduced due to the fashion-oriented nature of the product or the rapid introduction of new product options due to product technology advancements. Demand for functional products is much easier to forecast, while demand for innovative products is highly unpredictable due to the differences in product life cycle and the nature of the product, functional products tend to have lower product profit margins, but the cost of obsolescence is low; whereas innovative pro ducts tend to have higher product profit margins, but the cost of obsolescence is high. A second step would be to choose their supply chain characteristics. A stable supply process is one where the manufacturing process and the underlying technology are mature and the supply base is well established. An evolving supply process is where the manufacturing process and the underlying technology are still under early development and are rapidly changing, and as a result the supply base may be limited in both size and experience. In a stable supply process, manufacturing complexity tends to be low or manageable. Stable manufacturing processes tend to be highly automated, and long-term supply contracts are prevalent. In an evolving supply process, the manufacturing process requires a lot of fine-tuning and is often subject to breakdowns and uncertain yields. The supply base may not be as reliable, as the suppliers themselves are going through process innovations. While functional products tend to have more mature and stable supply process, that is not always the case. There ar e also innovative products with a stable supply process. Demand Uncertainty Reduction Strategies Only through information sharing and tight coordination can one regain control of supply chain efficiency. Sharing of demand information and synchronized planning across the supply chain are crucial for this purpose. Supply Uncertainty Reduction Strategies Free exchanges of information starting with the product development stage and continuing with the mature and end-of-life phases of the product life cycle has been found to be highly effective in reducing the risks of supplier failure. So a good idea for Siemens would be to form a supplier hub in the USA operated by a third-party logistics company which would manage the replenishment and inbound logistics of the parts and materials to a warehouse (known as the supplier hub) which would be in close proximity to the Siemens plant. The inventory at the hub would be owned by the suppliers. The use of the hub will allow the suppliers to have much better information about Siemens needs and consumption patterns of their parts as well as about the inventory in transit. This will result in a more effective management of inventory replenishment and inbound logistics by the suppliers thereby reducing the supply uncertainties for Siemens. Supply Chain Strategies Some uncertainty characteristics require supply chain strategies with initiatives and innovations that can provide a competitive edge to companies. These strategies can be classified into four types: Efficient Supply Chains: these are supply chains that utilize strategies aimed at creating the highest cost efficiencies in the supply chain. For such efficiencies to be achieved, non-value-added activities should be eliminated, scale economies should be pursued, optimization techniques should be deployed to get the best capacity utilization in production and distribution, and information linkages should be established to ensure the most efficient, accurate, and cost-effective transmission of information across the supply chain. The role of the Internet in this case is that it enables the supply chain to have tight and effortless information integration, as well as enabling production and distribution schedules to be optimized once the demand, inventory, and capacity information throughout the supply chain are made transparent. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Risk-Hedging Supply Chains: these are supply chains that utilize strategies aimed at pooling and sharing resources in a supply chain so that the risks in supply disruption can also be shared. It is therefore a risk-hedging strategy. A single entity in a supply chain can be vulnerable to supply disruptions, but if there is more than one supply source or if alternative supply resources are available, then the risk of disruption would be reduced. A company may want to increase the safety stock of its key component to hedge against the risk of supply disruption, and by sharing the safety stock with other companies who also need this key component, the cost of maintaining this safety stock can be shared. Such inventory pooling strategies are quite common in retailing, where different retail stores or dealerships share inventory. The Internet plays a key role in providing information transparency among the members of the supply chain that are sharing inventory. Having real time information on inventory and demand allows the most cost-effective transshipment of goods from one site (with excess inventory) to another site (in need). Responsive Supply Chains: these are supply chains that utilize strategies aimed at being responsive and flexible to the changing and diverse needs of the customers. To be responsive, companies use build-to-order and mass customization processes as a means to meet the specific requirements of customers. The customization processes are designed to be flexible. Order accuracy (i.e., accurate specification of customer requirements) is the key to the success of mass customization. Again, the Internet has enabled very accurate and timely capturing of highly personalized requirements of customers as well as fast transfer of order information to the factory or customization centers for the final configuration of the product. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Agile Supply Chain: these are supply chains that utilize strategies aimed at being responsive and flexible to customer needs, while the risks of supply shortages or disruptions are hedged by pooling inventory or other capacity resources. These supply chains essentially have strategies in place that combine the strengths of hedged and responsive supply chains. They are agile because they have the capability to be responsive to the changing, diverse, and unpredictable demands of customers on the front end, while minimizing the back-end risks of supply disruptions. Given the different nature of demand and supply uncertainties of different products, different supply chain strategies are needed for different products. The Right Supply Chain Strategy Innovative Products with Evolving Supply Processes Companies with innovative products and evolving and unstable supply processes have to utilize the combination of risk-hedging and responsive strategies. The appropriate strategy here is to establish agile supply chains. Demand and supply uncertainties can be used as a framework to devise the right supply chain strategy. Innovative products with unpredictable demand and an evolving supply process face a major challenge. Because of shorter and shorter product life cycles, the pressure for dynamically adjusting and adapting a companys supply chain strategy is mounting. Using the Internet to develop agile supply chains with information sharing, coordination, and postponement has enabled companies to compete successfully in their market places. The challenges are great, but so are the opportunities. To be continued today

The Handicapped Poor in America Essay -- Disabled Poverty

In The Working Poor, David Shipler relates the plight of the invisible poor in America, sharing the stories of laborers across the nation who work but cannot get a firm grip on the slippery surface of the American dream. Shipler also touches on, but does not fully explore, the even thornier path of the disabled, impoverished individual in America. Although a relatively large segment of the population (10-20 percent of the United States population is disabled), the disabled poor encounter setbacks in their struggle to succeed in a world where one’s worth is often judged by one’s economic and educational attainment. A blind and impoverished woman from Eastern Europe directly states that the disabled poor "depend on everyone; no one wants us. We are like garbage that everyone wants to get rid of" (Wolfensohn 1). Far from the thoughts of many in the social hierarchy, including the healthy working poor, the disabled poor face numerous obstacles in their path towards a stable income above the poverty line. Addressing the problem of helping disabled individuals through legislation becomes difficult because definitions of disability differ. Some may argue that depression is not a disability because not only is it difficult to prove that an individual is afflicted with it, but it is also questionable whether it is the cause of their unemployment. Asthma may not be considered a disability for a child in the suburbs, who, with the help of an inhaler, may play soccer without suffering, but chronic, untreated asthma can be debilitating for a child living in poverty and, according to the American Lung Association, â€Å"can be a life-threatening disease if not properly managed.† The government defines disability as having a â€Å"physical or m... ... > U.S. Census Bureau: American Fact Finder. â€Å"Sex by Age by Disability by Employment Status for the Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 5 Years and Over.† ds_name=ACS_2003_EST_G00_&-redoLog=false&- mt_name=ACS_2003_EST_G2000_P059>. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. â€Å"Child Health USA 2003†. . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. â€Å"Disability Among Women on AFDC: An Issue Revisited.† 1993. . U.S. Department of Labor. â€Å"The United States Department of Labor Homepage, Secretary of State Elaine L. Chao.† . The University of New Mexico Center for Development and Disability. .

Macbeth Newspaper Article

Last night in Scotland, chaos erupted at the Macbeths castle during what was supposed to be a peaceful celebration banquet. Macbeth’s behavior was strange and uncharacteristic. A guest at the party, Lennox, said he had never seen Macbeth act in such distraught manner and thought something must have been terribly wrong.Lady Macbeth tried to soothe party guests by saying â€Å"Sit down, worthy friends. My husband is down in an empty seat and explained to his guests often like this, and he has been since he was a  child. † that he could not because the seats were all filled.Many lords are wondering at this point if Even the king himself told his guests that he has a Macbeth is up for the task at hand of ruling this strange disorder and they should not be alarmed by Kingdom after such a display of inappropriate his behavior. behavior. When questioned by Macbeth’s cousin Ross, Lady Perhaps Macbeth was confused by the absence Macbeth dismissed the entire party claimi ng her of h is friend Banquo.As he said â€Å"We would husband was unwell and needed to get some rest. have all the nobility of Scotland gathered under one roof, if only Banquo were here. I hope it Many insiders reported that the early dismissal turns out that he’s late out of rudeness, and not seamed suspicious and are now wondering if in fact because something bad has happened to him. † the monarchy is in jeopardy.A party guest who wished to remain At this point there is no further information anonymous claimed  that the king was confirming the incident, however, there will be a hallucinating when Macbeth refused to sit further review of the situation and close monitoring of down in an empty seat and explained to his the kings medical status.Scotland Times Banquo does not show up for the Banquet and Macbeth’s behavior was really strange. Lady Macbeth had to send everyone home early Macbeth Was Not Himself During His Banquet guests that he could not because t he seats were all filled.

The Worlds Funniest Dinosaur Jokes

Dinosaurs have been featured in many serious movies, from King Kong in 1933 and its remakes, through animations such as The Land Before Time series, and on to later special-effects-laden extravaganzas including the Jurassic Park/World features. They also are the focus of serious-minded research conducted in natural history museums and universities throughout the world. But dinosaurs have long been the focus of humor, including a bevy of jokes at the expense of these long-gone beasts, which roamed the earth millions of years ago. Here is a crop of  the funniest jokes involving the  terrible lizards, better known as dinosaurs: Why do museums have old dinosaur bones?Because they cant afford new ones! What does a triceratops sit on?Its tricera-bottom! Why did the  tyrannosaur  cross the road?Because chickens hadnt evolved yet.Because it was chasing a chicken.Because it was being chased by a chicken. What’s the best way to talk to a  velociraptor?Long distance! How do you ask a tyrannosaur out to lunch?Tea, Rex? What was 30 feet long, had a two-foot-long beak, and left crumbs all over the mattress?Pretzelcoatlus! Dad:  Why are you crying?Son:  Because I wanted to get a dinosaur for my baby sister.Dad:  Thats no reason to cry.Son:  Yes, it is. No one would trade me! How do you know theres a seismosaurus under your bed?Because your nose is two inches from the ceiling! What’s better than a talking vulcanodon?A spelling bee! Whats worse than a giraffe with a sore throat?A tyrannosaur  with a giraffe in its throat! What do you call a gigantoraptor that wont stop talking?A dino-bore! Why cant you hear a pterosaur using the bathroom?Because the p is silent! How can you tell theres an allosaurus in your bed?By the bright red A on its pajamas. Person 1:  I keep seeing  pteranodons  with orange polka dots.Person 2: Have you seen an eye doctor yet?Person 1:  No, just pteranodons with orange polka dots! How can you tell theres a stegosaurus in your refrigerator?The door wont close! What family does shantungosaurus belong to?I dont know. I dont think any family in our neighborhood owns one! What has a prominent head crest, a duck-like bill, and 16 wheels?A Maiasaura on roller skates! Why did carnivorous dinosaurs eat raw meat?Because they didnt know how to barbecue! What has sharp fangs and sticks to the roof of your mouth?A peanut butter and jeholopterus sandwich. Child 1:  Hey, who stepped on your foot?Child 2:  Well, did you see that  gorgosaurus  over there?Child 1:  Yes.Child 2:  Well, I didnt! What do you call a terrible, horrible, unpleasant dinosaur?A thesaurus. What is a dinosaurs least favorite reindeer?Comet! Why dont dinosaurs ever forget?Because they never knew anything in the first place! What happened when the brachiosaurus took the train home?He had to bring it back! Whats purple and green and wont stop singing?Barney taking a shower! What do you say to a 10-ton Albertosaurus wearing earphones?Whatever you want. He cant hear you! Child 1:  I lost my pet  iguanodon!Child 2:  Why dont you put an ad in the paper?Child 1:  What good would that do? He cant read! What did dinosaurs use to make their hot dogs?Jurassic pork! Can you name 10 dinosaurs in 10 seconds?Yes, one gorgosaurus and nine velociraptors! What dinosaur could jump higher than a house?All of them. Houses cant jump! What should you do if you find a blue dilophosaurus?Try to cheer him up!

Evaluation Of A Business World Customer - 874 Words

1.) Diligence has two behaviors that are services which are responsiveness and reliability. In our competitive business world our salespeople provide service in timely manner. Services that show responsiveness and reliability a salesperson has follow-up commitments by returning phone calls, getting customers’ requests done properly on time and being available for customers. A trend that customers rely on needs, concerns and plans for the future. 2.) Information communication is getting the information to the customer in a clear and decent manner. Using communication is a huge part of the sales process. Making comparisons of your product and your competitor with the customer making the decision of what product is best for them. 3.) Inducements would be a service that is prà ©cised with having a personal relationship with the customer. The salesperson wants to maintain the relationship by being interested with the customer, having the customer’s interest and doing special favors can make the relationship stronger. During the delivery of being present while it is on the way should make sure the customer feels comfortable with their purchase. Should check the order to make sure it is compete and able to give assistance. The buyer satisfaction called monitor installation being the proper installation of the product. Consumer products with security systems and central air-conditioning being with industrial products as electronic data processing equipment. Salesperson is able toShow MoreRelatedGeneral Electrics HR Policy Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesGE’s Talent Machine : The Making of a CEO Founded in 1878 by Thomas Edison, General Electric is nowadays a leading business in electrical generation, distribution and use in America and in the world. 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The Vaccine Of Autism Connection - 1614 Words

The Vaccine to Autism Connection It is amazing how much Americans trust doctors and more shocking, vaccines. Vaccines are injections we receive from the moment we are born and throughout our lives that are meant to keep our bodies from contracting various. A baby born in a hospital today can be given up to six shots before the mother is even in a place where she can conciously tell the doctor whether she is okay with that or not. It can take years to become aware of, but the early exposure to the unnatural substances that make up vaccines can lead to a disorder called autism. While many Americans view vaccines positively for their adequate ability to prevent illness, the rise of autism in the nation and its link to vaccines is reason enough to try to change our tactics for trying to stay healthy. Autism is a developmental disorder with symptoms including defects in coordination and motor skills, visual disturbances, and immune suppression. What researchers like Larry Trivieri Jr. have realized over the last decade is these symptoms are extremely similar to the effects of mercury poisoning. Mercury makes up 50% of Thimersal, a preservative found in vaccines; â€Å"The increases in the occurrence of autism are closely linked to the widespread use of thimersalcontaining vaccines,† says Trivieri. While the possible link between autism and vaccines is clear, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) claim there is no link but have yet to thoroughly investigate the issueShow MoreRelatedVaccine Of The Vaccine Autism Connection1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vaccine Autism Connection Being a parent is a never ending full time job. Constantly on the run, doing laundry, making food, and wiping snotty noses, you are faced with decisions to make for your child every day. One of those important decisions is whether or not to vaccinate your child. In today’s society this has become a tough choice to make as negative light has been casted upon vaccinations and their safety. False allegations of vaccines causing Autism have led parents from vaccinating theirRead MoreAutism Is A Neurodevelopmental Disorder962 Words   |  4 PagesAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is the most severe form of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This illness causes impairments of social abilities, language, speech, and behaviors (DeLong, 2011, p.903). Autism is growing rapidly in the United States beginning in the 1990s (DeLong, 2011, p.903). It becomes the great public health concern. The genetics plays a role in autisms. However, environmental factors also can trigger autism. So the question about whether vaccination is one of these environmentalRead MoreVaccines : The World Health Organization1277 Words   |  6 Pagessickness comes along. These viruses are met with vaccines that are swiftly made by the World Health Organization. The problem with the way that vaccines are made is, the World Health Organization not only makes the vaccines but also deems the vaccines safe. Since they are responsible for making and deeming the vaccines safe, mistakes can lead to mass deaths. For this reason there should be checks and balances where other agencies test the vaccines for potential threat of mental illness, dangerousRead MoreBaby Immunizations - The Vaccination Dilemma. Loving-Attachment-Parenting.Com.1279 Words   |  6 PagesLoving-Attachment-Parenting, n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2016. This article discusses a few of the immunizations children under the age of two are expected to get and what ingredients are in vaccines. Children are expected to receive 32 vaccines by the age of two, most of them containing various toxins. These toxins are in vaccines in order to attempt to strengthen the immunity over the disease; however, they are also known to cause multiple serious diseases. The information from this article relates to my TEDRead MoreThe Mmr Vaccine Does Not Cause Autism873 Words   |  4 Pageschildren’s chance of getting autism. Studies have shown following the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine children become diagnosed with autism. Parents are risking bringing back diseases that before vaccinations killed and threatened the lives of many people. The MMR vaccine does not cause autism, because the doctor who published the first study about this theory has since lost his medical license, many more studies have proven the correlation is a myth, and Aut ism Speaks, an autism advocacy organizationRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1261 Words   |  6 PagesAutism spectrum disorder (ASD)  is a serious  disorder  which affects the child’s neurological and behavior functions and may cause different levels of disability. Autism is a regressive neurodevelopment disorder that impacts social interactions, verbal and nonverbal, as well as negative behaviors. It is a disorder that is connected to abnormal biology and chemistry within the brain. Also, autism appears within the first three years of life. A child can seem developmentally normal and meeting all milestonesRead MoreThe Use Of Thimerosal And Its Effects On The World Health Organization1311 Words   |  6 Pagescontaining organ mercurial that is found in many vaccines. In 1999, concerns from parents and health administrations were raised on the theory that vaccinating children under the age of two would cause autism. By 2001, thimerosal was taken out of all chil dhood vaccines in the United States, with the exception of various flu vaccines, in regard to these concerns and merely as a safety precaution. However, there has proven to be no link between autism and vaccines containing thimerosal through various scientificRead MoreThe Media And Health And Safety Of The Worlds Population1738 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the introduction of vaccines, medicines, and other medical equipment, the scientific world has prevented the spread of diseases, the possibility of an epidemic, and another devastating pandemic in history like the black plague. Although vaccines provide a resistance to diseases, many people question the safety of them. There is a famous theory that vaccines cause autism due to the chemicals within the vaccines, even though scientific evidence denies any connection. One of the reasons that thisRead MoreVaccinations Are Not Network For Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1455 Words   |  6 Pagesthe way of them taking vaccines. Also, some parents believe that vaccinations are linked to autism and refuse to let their children get vaccinated. For many years, people have been having controversies over this subject, but I believe that we should require kids to have vaccinations to keep society healthy and stable. First, studies and research have shown that vaccinations are not connected to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The only connection between vaccines and autism is age. Parents naturallyRead MoreMeasles, Rubella, Vaccine, Vaccines, And Vaccines1048 Words   |  5 Pageshundreds of years, vaccines have been preventing dangerous and deadly diseases such as polio, the measles, hepatitis, and more. However, as long as there have been vaccines, there has been strong opposition to their use. Perhaps the most common belief is that vaccines—specifically the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine, is tied to an increased risk of autism. Media coverage, based on inaccurate evidence and disproved by scientific studies, has led to a large public fear that autism can be caused by

Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Occupational health and safety in agriculture. Answer: Introduction: Close to 42.22% of the total land of New Zealand can be attributed to agricultural land; hence inevitably, a large considerable workforce of the nation can be attributed to the farmers. However, it has to be mentioned that the importance of the agricultural workforce contribute a significant to the total GDP of the nation and hence there is need for this workforce to be safe and functional. It has to be mentioned in this context that there are various occupational health and safety risks that are prevalent in the agricultural sector, and a vast majority of them are fatal accidents leading to various critical and life threatening injuries (Van den Broucke Colmont, 2011). Hence, it has to be mentioned in this context that agriculture has significant risks to health and safety of the workforce employed in this field. Now, occupational health and safety has acknowledged the agricultural industry to be one of the most hazardous occupational sectors. According to the recent report, a large number of agricultural workers have to suffer from different occupational accidents and ill health every year. It has to be mentioned that agricultural sectors provides the most of the basic necessities of life, hence the demands of the agriculture industry is also extremely high as well (Asfaw, Pana-Cryan Rosa, 2011). Hence close to a billion workers are employed in the agricultural sector worldwide, contributing to more than one third of the entire labour force of the world. Although, it has to be mentioned in this context as well, that this occupational sector also accounts for more than 70% of the entire child labour of the world. With the agricultural sector being one of the most hazardous one, the risk for fatal accidents are even higher for the children associated with this workforce (Fathallah, 2010). This assignment will attempt to research and explore the risk of fatal accidents in the agricultural sectors and the occupational health and safety risk of the agricultural workforce, and would like to conclude with a set of occupational health and safety recommendations to minimize the accident risks with respect to the New Zealand demographics. Identify OHS: Accidents in agricultural industry: Among all the economic sectors, agriculture is one of the most hazardous of all. With the higher rates of injuries, accidental deaths, and work-related diseases or illness, the agriculture sector is the most unsafe sector to work in. The sector places the workers at potential risks of work-related accidents and musculoskeletal disorders. Working with trunk bendings, lifting and carrying heavy loads, risking from trips or falls at uneven walkways, vibrations from farm vehicles and chainsaws are some of the main hazards that result in higher risks of accidents in the agricultural sector (Botha et al., 2014).The importance of agriculture is immense due to its contribution to the social, political, cultural and economic sector of the world. Hence, improving health and safety at the agricultural workplace is essential. According to the occupational health and safety act, each and every worker in the workplace is subject to mental, social and physical wellbeing. The safety and health of Ag ricultural convention 2001(No. 184) and ILO recommendation provides further guidance on appropriate strategies to improve and meet the OSH accidental risks that are common in the agriculture sector (Neal, 2017).Some of the major forms of accidents in the agricultural sectors of New Zealand are Tracker accidents, Quad bike accidents and accidents by All-terrain vehicles. The below figure explains the rate of accidents in different sectors of employment in New Zealand from 2011 to 2017.The indigo blue line explains the highest rate of workplace-related accidents in the agricultural sector due to Quad bikes. Figure: 1 Source: (Klingelschmidt et al., 2018) According to the WorkSafe data, the deadliest industry of New Zealand is the agricultural industry (Schweder et al.,2015).With a high number of death rates in the past six years, the agricultural industry of New Zealand is the most threatening and risky industry. The causes of the fatalities have been increasing throughout and questioning the OSH norms in the agricultural sector. Figure: 2 Source: (Anderson Tipples, 2014) The above figure is an example of the increased number of death caused due to quad bike accidents on various agricultural farms of New Zealand. Exposure to hazardous chemicals and heavy machineries constitute one of the main risk in the occupation at this sector. Accidents in this sector affects the working environment and the personal lives of the victims. The cost of accidents in the agriculture sector are associated with high rates of injuries and workplace related ill health (Lilley,Lower Davie, 2017).The accidents have negative effects on the workplace environment and on the production of the agricultural farms. Some of the major hazards in agricultural farm of New Zealand are transmissible animal disease, exposure to toxic and hazardous chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers and ergonomic hazards in the agricultural farm. The OSH problem of workplace accidents in the agricultural farms of New Zealand has been chosen in this paper since it is one of the most neglected sectors of employment in the nation. Most of the agricultural farm employ people from rural areas, child, and old aged people are more prone to fatal accidents in the farm due to higher working hours, exposure to hazardous and dangerous conditions and risky work levels. Illiteracy and poverty are the main causes people join agricultural farms. Besides, this sector of New Zealand is the largest sector for female employment. The OSH standards that have been affecting the women employers have been neglected and underestimated throughout these years (Anderson Tipples, 2014). This paper thus takes into consideration all the valid factors and dimensions of OSH in agriculture that needs to be improved for the wellbeing of the workers. Review of literature: A review of literature can be defined as the potent tool that helps in conducting a systematic and scientific exploration of the ideas and concepts already published in authentic and relevant journals to arrive at a clear understanding of the different external and internal factors associated with the scenario. For this study, the chosen occupational health issue had been the fatal accidents in the agricultural sectors, hence the literature review will attempt to discover the different fatal accident rates of the agricultural sector, the contributing factors behind the fatal accidents, and the general idea in the sector behind the impact of fatal accidents and need for a occupational health and safety policy or program among the different stakeholders. Fatal accidents of the agricultural sector: Farmers are considered to be a relatively small proportion of the total labour force in many nations however, it has to be mentioned that agricultural still ranks fairly high in the list of occupational injury rates among the other occupational sectors. The health hazard of this occupational sector is not limited to the accidents or injuries only; there are other health and disease risks for the agricultural workers as well. According to Jadhav et al. (2015), the injury rates among this sector are extremely high, and the injuries due to the accidents are the most important cause behind the mortality risk among the farmers across the world as well. As mentioned by Jadhav et al. (2015), considering the global rates, it can be mentioned in this context that fatal injury rates in the agricultural sector varied from 11.5 to 30.6 per 100000 agricultural workers across different nations and similarly non fatal injury rates in the agricultural rates ranges from 3.5 to 16 injuries per 100 wor kers annually. Hence it can be mentioned that the risk for the fatal injuries are far higher in case of the agricultural injuries as well (Akdur et al., 2010). Exploring the different types of injuries that are associated with the agricultural health and safety, it can be mentioned that the most notable injuries are associated with vehicle operations and heavy machinery. According to Shulruf Balemi (2010), the most of the agricultural accidents are associated with the all terrain vehicle operations. As per the data identified in the article, the use of all terrain vehicles has been very prominent in agriculture since the last few decades. Undoubtedly, the contribution of the all terrain vehicles is extreme in case of the agricultural productivity and performance undoubtedly, however, the fact cannot be ignored that the use of these vehicles are the cause of the majority of the agricultural accidents. The article has discussed that this particular vehicle accidents are the case of a high percentage of fatality and mortality among the agricultural workers. As highlighted in the article, ever since the introduction of the all terrain vehicles in the agricultural sector is extremely high in case of the New Zealand demographics. The incidence rate of the all terrain vehicle related incidents have been very high at 8% to 19% of the total number of agricultural fatal accidents. Along with those ATV injuries, driving Quad bikes have also been discovered as one of the greatest reasons behind the fatal accident rates among the agricultural workforce as well (Leigh, Du McCurdy, 2014). Quad bikes or the all terrain vehicles have been discovered as one of the greatest contributing factors in several other research studies as well. It has to be mentioned that according to Milosavljevic et al. (2011), the quad bikes or the all terrain vehicles are the most widely used agricultural equipment used in the agricultural industry of the New Zealand as well. This particular equipment is highly advantageous for livestock farming and many other essential farming operations as well. According to Nilsson, Pinzke and Lundqvist (2010), the use of this particular equipment is in checking stock, mustering, feeding out, personal transport and for carriage and towing activities. However, as defined by Milosavljevic et al. (2011), quad bike loss of control events can be considered for the most frequent and most major cause of fatality and death in agricultural context. Comparison of the data on quad bike accidents reveal that while Australia had 51 deaths recorded within the last few c ouples of years due to quad bike loss of control, New Zealand had 45 deaths. Along with that, according to the survey reports, there had been close to 1500 new accident cases being reported in the New Zealand territory due to all terrain vehicle accidents (Milosavljevic et al., 2011). Another source of fatal accidents in the agricultural sector had been the operation of the heavy machinery. According to Kolstrup, 2012, many lower back injuries have been reported by the agricultural workforce have been due to heavy machinery lifting and livestock bearing with any personal protection. Although, as per the research, the frequency or magnitude of the fatal accidents is far more severe in case of the all terrain vehicle accidents (Canton Williams, 2012) Contributing factors behind the fatal accidents: In order to identify the occupational health and safety risks in the agricultural sector, especially for the fatal accidents, the contributing factors leading of the occurrence of the fatal accidents is required to be explored. First and foremost, it has to be mentioned here that the most of the fatal accidents that occur in the agricultural fields are contributed by the vehicles like the all terrain vehicles or quad bikes. The contributing factor behind the quad bikes accidents is many. According to Milosavljevic et al. (2011), quad bikes can be considered very inherently unstable equipment in general and the agronomical design of the equipment is the main reason behind the high rates of fatal accidents that it is associated with. As per Karttunen and Rautiainen (2013), the narrow wheel base of the vehicle and high centre of gravity makes the equipment very easy to be tipped over on steep, rough or even uneven terrains. High velocity and vibration exposure have also been discovered as the contributing factor behind the high rate of the accidents associated with the quad bike accidents. However, Robert, Elisabeth and Josef (2015), have argued that steep terrain and striking with another object has been discovered as highly relevant causes behind the high rates of all terrain vehicle accidents, however the agronomical design of the vehicle and the combination of increased speed and vibration while driving the vehicle has also been discovered as the important reasons behind the incidence rate of the injuries. One the other hand, the article by the Tangermann (2011), in their research have discovered another impactful contributing factor behind the occupational health and safety risk associated with operating this agricultural equipments. In this article lack of training of operating these vehicles has been discussed. On a more elaborative note, it has to be mentioned that al terrain vehicles are undoubtedly an innovative introduction to the agricultural fields fo r the benefit of easing the procedure of different agricultural tasks; it has to be acknowledged that operation of this complex vehicles successful and safely can be a challenge for the rural farmers. The technological challenges of the older farmers belonging to the rural areas have been acknowledged in the literature before and the technological inadequacy leads to not being able to operate the al terrain vehicles as well to some extent. According to the Hosseini et al. (2011), however, all terrain vehicle sellers issue a free of cost training for the farmers to attend to learn to operate the vehicle with safety. Although, it has to be mentioned that the likelihood of the individuals to enrol themselves into the training program is less than even 4% . It can be concluded from this context that the lack of willingness of the agricultural workforce of the concerned demographics to attend the training programs are indicating of the alarming lack of literacy and awareness regarding the occupational health and safety risk among the agricultural workforce. Awareness among the agricultural workforce: As discussed above, the agricultural workforce has a few different health risks and among them the fatal accidents are the most impactful. As per the research conducted it has been discovered that the fatal accidents in case of the New Zealand demographics, the most notable accident cause has been discovered the all terrain vehicles or the quad bikes. Now as discovered in the article by Hosseini et al. (2011), the authors had discussed that the level of awareness among the agricultural workforce regarding the occupational health safety can be associated with the alarming lack of willingness to attend the al terrain vehicle terrain. There is a significant lack of awareness and understanding among the farmers regarding the occupational health and safety. Along with that there is a significant lack of awareness and understanding regarding the occupational health and safety risks in the agriculture and the requirements of protective measures regarding the risky vehicles like the quad bik es. According to the Wood, Duijff and Christey (2013), it had to be mentioned that the highest lack of awareness of literacy regarding the occupational health and safety is most frequently observed in the older framers. Along with that, the child labour associated with the agriculture in these regions is also associated with the lack of awareness and understanding. This leads directly to the increased number of accidents and fatal injuries in the agricultural sectors, in both developing and developed nations. According to the study by Tipples et al. (2013), it can be mentioned that in the New Zealand demographics there is a highly strict and rigid stance of the farmers regarding the occupational health and safety issues and guidelines. There can be a few contributing factor behind this; first and foremost, it has to be mentioned that the farmers are disadvantaged by the socio-economic isolation and their occupational status from the rest of the mainstream society. Along with that, their remoteness from the enforcement of labour standards contributes effectively to the generation of a rather reluctantly compliant agricultural workforce in New Zealand. Along with that, it has to be mentioned that the lack of knowledge regarding the mainstream technologies and safety benefits of the OHS protocols can also be a cause to their apparent noncompliance as well. Although the data from the articles point at the attitude of the farmers and agricultural work force of New Zealand and the surrounding areas, the scenario is very similar in the rest of the globe as well (Pawlak Nowakowicz-D?bek, 2015). Overall, the extensive research discovered many key factors behind the fatal injuries in the agricultural sector. The articles selected in the literature review had been effective in discovering the key fatal accident issue in the agricultural issue, the all terrain vehicle accidents that caused a large chunk of the injuries and hospitalization episodes among the agricultural workforce of New Zealand. The articles have provided relevant information regarding the risks to occupational health and safety due to the agronomic design of the vehicle, physical factors pertaining to the terrain and the farmer, and the awareness and knowledge among the farmers. This helped us identify the challenges behind the health and safety risk behind the accidents caused by the quad bikes. However, it also has to be mentioned in this context that there are a few research gaps left behind that is needed to be addressed by further studies in this sector. First and foremost, there is lack of information av ailable on the literature previously published regarding the impact of heavy weight lifting o the physiology of the farmers and whether it enhances the risk of fatal injuries among the farmers. Along with that, the impact of age and physiology on the accident proneness has also not been discussed in the articles. Although, there is information available regarding the lack of awareness the information is limited and lacks in depth research of different confounders. Lastly, the impact of educational literacy and health literacy in general on the occupational health and safety awareness and compliance of the agricultural workforce also have not been researched in the past either. Hence, there is need for further studies focusing on the above mentioned sectors to gain a better understanding of the root cause of quad bike related fatal accidents in the farming and how it can be reduced with awareness and compliance to targeted occupational health and safety guidelines (Pollock, Fragar G riffith, 2014). Recommendations Agricultural workers are exposed to various physical hazards in the farming jobs. Agriculture sector ranks among the most threatening industries in the employment sector of New Zealand. The use of All-Terrain vehicles in the industry has been one of the major cause of the fatal accidents in the agricultural industry of New Zealand. Researchers have found that most of the employers in the agricultural sector do not have basic knowledge on how to operate all-terrain vehicles (Lilley,Lower Davie, 2017).The quad bikes are the most commonly used vehicles in the sector. These bikes are unstable, narrow wheel based and are more likely to trip over and cause accidents. Hence, it is recommended that the quad bikes are developed with safety norms since the light weight of the bikes causes the rider to fall down during the ride. Besides, the employers of the agricultural farm should be given prior training to ride these all-terrain vehicles before they use in work purpose to avoid further acci dental injuries and deaths (Hunt et al., 2014). Some of the other safety interventions that need to be considered and implemented in the agricultural sector of New Zealand are awareness programs and system, governmental interventions to make the workers aware about the importance of wellness in the workplace. Using riding equipment like helmets and proper seat belts are the main factors of the awareness program (Botha et al., 2014).Since most of the employer in the sector comes from the rural background and are illiterate; they have little or zero knowledge about the working procedure and operations of the sector. Measures should be taken to train and impart essential knowledge to them so that they can work effectively in the workplace (Olsen Hasle, 2015).The agricultural sector of New Zealand has been one of the most neglected sectors of employment till decade. Occupational safety and health hazard regulations should be implemented effectively in the sector for the wellness of the workers. The government of New Zealand should also introduce the distribution of aids for the affected personnel and his or her family in case of extreme health hazard or death (Hunt et al., 2014). Rising awareness, assessing compliance and the enforcement of minimum standards of OSH is very costly in the agriculture sector due to the economic downturn in New Zealand. The employers in the agricultural sector deserve a quality of life where they face long working hours, exposure to high risks and pressure. Hence considerable efforts should be taken and effective measures should be implemented for addressing the increased level of accidents in the agricultural sector of New Zealand. Conclusion: On a concluding note, it can be mentioned that among all the other occupational health and safety risks associated with agricultural sector, Quad bikes pose the maximum risk; especially in the New Zealand demographics. 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